precondition, postcondition, loop invariant

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- precondition
Pre-conditions are the things that must be true before a method is called. The method tells clients "this is what I expect from you".

- postcondition
Post-conditions are the things that must be true after the method is complete. The method tells clients "this is what I promise to do for you".

- loop invariant
Invariants are the things that are always true and won't change. The method tells clients "if this was true before you called me, I promise it'll still be true when I'm done".